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The Supreme Court of Pakistan (SC) (Urdu: عدالت عظمیٰ پاکستان; ''Adālat-e-Uzma Pākistān'') is the apex court in the of Pakistan, the final arbiter of legal and constitutional disputes. The Supreme Court has a permanent seat in Islamabad. It also has a number of Branch Registries where cases are heard. The court has a number of ''de jure'' powers, outlined in the Constitution. Through several periods of military rule and constitutional suspensions (see Doctrine of necessity), the court has also established itself as a ''de facto'' check on military power. It has the appellate jurisdiction over all high courts (including provincial high courts, district courts, and special courts) and federal courts, as well as original jurisdiction over a few types of cases. The Supreme Court is made up of a chief justice and a number of senior justices who are nominated by the President after consulting the Prime minister. Once appointed justices are expected to complete a designated term and then retire, unless they are removed by the Supreme Judicial Council after receiving a presidential reference regarding misconduct of judge(s). ==Constitutional Authority== Part VII, Chapter 2 of the Constitution (articles 176 through 191) deals with the powers, composition, rules, and responsibilities of the Supreme Court. These articles concern: * Article 176 – composition of the Court * Article 177 – appointment and qualifications of the Chief Justice * Article 178 – oath of office * Article 179 – retirement * Article 180 – vacancy, absence, or inability of the Chief Justice * Article 181 – vacancy, absence, or inability of other justices * Article 182 – ad hoc justices * Article 183 – location of Court * Article 184 – jurisdiction in a dispute between two or more governments * Article 185 – jurisdiction to hear and determine appeals * Article 186 – if requested, advise the President on important matters of law * Article 186A – authority to transfer venue * Article 187 – orders and subpoenas * Article 188 – power to review its own judgements and orders * Article 189 – binding nature of Supreme Court's decisions on all other Pakistani Courts * Article 190 – all executive and judicial authorities in Pakistan bound to aid the Supreme Court In addition to these articles, the Constitution also makes numerous references to the Supreme Court in other chapters and sections. An important function of the judiciary branch is to provide checks and balances to the power of the other branches of government. The Supreme Court under Pervez Musharraf is an exception to this rule of constitutional authority. That court took oath not under the constitution of Pakistan but under a military Legal Framework Order. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Supreme Court of Pakistan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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